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Documentation from April-2010
General Notes:
The following guide was written for beginners and experts
alike and will assist in setting up Debian Linux to boot as Read-Only for
robustness against power failures (as mentioned in the "Preventing Filesystem Corruption in Embedded Linux" whitepaper). The guide will include the following:
This document is time sensitive. That is, it's not to be used verbatim too
far past the date written. Updates are applied to images and files/locations
sometimes change. The principles generally stay the same, so keep this in
the back of your mind while working through this guide.
For convenience sake*, the unionfs.ko module, kernel image, linuxrc
file, and entire 512MB SD image have been made available on the FTP site
in the respective locations:
* You will still need to refer to steps 6 through 11 in the Compiling and Installing unionfs.ko and Modifying linuxrc section.
Warning:BACKUP YOUR FILES AND IMAGES!
The following is a step-by-step guide to compiling a custom TS-Kernel
specifically for the TS-7350. These steps have been verified and will work
if they are followed in the exact, step-by-step order. This was written with
beginners in mind, but may still be a bit too advanced for some. Remember
to backup file and images so you may revert back to them if something goes
wrong.
Prerequisites:
SOFTWARE:
HARDWARE:
- TS-7350 SBC
- USB SD Card Reader
- Development PC with Linux installed
FILES REQUIRED:
- The Cross Toolchain (crosstool-linux-gnueabi-2005q3-2.tar.gz)
- The kernel Source(linux-2.6.21-ts-src-feb022010.tar.gz)
- ts7350_defconfig file for Kernel Options (Included in the kernel Source)
- The unionfs patch (unionfs-2.5.3_for_2.6.21.7.diff)
PROCEDURE:
01.) Download the cross compile toolchain from Technologic Systems:
* wget ftp://ftp.embeddedarm.com/ts-arm-sbc/ts-7350-linux/\
cross-toolchains/crosstool-linux-gnueabi-2005q3-2.tar.gz
02.) Extract to current working directory and remove old tar.gz file:
* tar xvf crosstool-linux-gnueabi-2005q3-2.tar.gz
* rm crosstool-linux-gnueabi-2005q3-2.tar.gz
03.) Obtain the TS-7350 kernel source tree
* wget ftp://ftp.embeddedarm.com/ts-arm-sbc/ts-7350-linux/\
sources/linux-2.6.21-ts-src-feb022010.tar.gz
04.) Extract the TS-7350 kernel source tree (this is silent) and remove old tar.gz file:
* tar xzf linux-2.6.21-ts-src-feb022010.tar.gz
* rm linux-2.6.21-ts-src-feb022010.tar.gz
05.) Move into the newly extracted directory
* cd linux-2.6.21-ts-src-feb022010/
06.) Edit the Makefile at the kernel root dir to point to the appropriate
cross-compiler path. In our case, with the toolchain decompressed into
the same directory as the kernel, we'll change line 186 of the Makefile
to read:
* CROSS_COMPILE ?= ../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
07.) Edit the scripts/mod/sumversion.c to include a definition to the
PATH_MAX variable and set it to 1024 (insert below other #define lines).
* #define PATH_MAX 1024
08.) Type "make ts7350_defconfig" to make the kernel with the options that
Technologic Systems uses for the TS-7350 (More options can be found by
listing the contents of arch/arm/configs)
The unionfs patch was originally obtained from the main unionfs website here:
http://www.filesystems.org/project-unionfs.html. Please keep in mind that modifying the default kernel supplied by Technologic Systems is not supported. If you have difficulties, custom engineering is available and you can commission us to find a solution for your product.
01.) While still in the linux-2.6.21-ts-src-feb022010 folder, download the
required unionfs kernel patch:
* wget ftp://ftp.embeddedarm.com/ts-arm-sbc/ts-7350-linux/sources/\
unionfs-2.5.3_for_2.6.21.7.diff
02.) Apply the patch:
* patch -p1 < unionfs-2.5.3_for_2.6.21.7.diff
03.) Type "make menuconfig" and include the UnionFS support. Use the
arrow and Enter keys to navigate to Filesystems -> Layered filesystems
-> Union file system (EXPERIMENTAL). Press "m" to modularize it (this
will give you the unionfs.ko file). Keep hitting "exit" until you're
prompted to save the changes, choose "yes".
04.) Type "make" to compile the kernel and modules.
05.) The new kernel image will be at "arch/arm/boot" in both uncompressed
(Image) and an compressed (zImage). It is REQUIRED that it be < 3.1MB
(3145728 bytes in size). Since we did not add anything to the kernel,
the uncompressed Image size is acceptable. This Image is required for
the unionfs module to insert correctly.
06.) Copy the binary Image to the second partition (in most cases, this is
mounted as /dev/sdb2, verify this with fdisk -l before running the
commands). This will erase any data which is on /dev/sdb2 card now, so
a backup is advised.
* TO BACKUP: dd if=/dev/sdb2 of=../ImageBak
* TO COPY zImage: dd if=arch/arm/boot/Image of=/dev/sdb2
07.) Mount the fourth partition of the SD card to /mnt/p4 and copy the
unionfs.ko module to the proper location:
* mkdir /mnt/p4
* mount /dev/sdb4 /mnt/p4
* mkdir -p /mnt/p4/lib/modules/2.6.21-ts/kernel/fs/unionfs/
* cp fs/unionfs/unionfs.ko /mnt/p4/lib/modules/2.6.21-ts/kernel/fs/unionfs/
08.) Mount the third partition of the SD card to /mnt/p3 and edit the linuxrc
files to boot to Debian as read-only:
* mkdir /mnt/p3
* mount /dev/sdb3 /mnt/p3
* cd /mnt/p3
* cp linuxrc-sdroot linuxrc-sdroot-readonly
* vi linuxrc-sdroot-readonly
-- Use the following diff -u report as reference for what changes need
to be made
-- Note that the power.wav and splash.gz files are removed to make
room for the new directories /mnt/root.ro and /mnt/root.rw
================================================================================
--- linuxrc-sdroot 1969-12-31 17:00:39.000000000 -0700
+++ linuxrc-sdroot-readonly 2010-04-01 12:00:31.000000000 -0700
@@ -31,7 +31,21 @@
if [ -e /dev/tssdcarda4 -a -e /mnt/root/notrootfs ]; then
mount -o ro /dev/tssdcarda4 /mnt/root
fsck /dev/tssdcarda4
- mount -o remount,rw /mnt/root
+ rm power.wav splash.gz
+
+ insmod /mnt/root/lib/modules/2.6.21-ts/kernel/fs/unionfs/unionfs.ko
+ mkdir /mnt/root.ro /mnt/root.rw
+ mount --move /mnt/root /mnt/root.ro
+ mount -t tmpfs root.rw /mnt/root.rw
+ mount -t unionfs -o dirs=/mnt/root.rw=rw:/mnt/root.ro=ro unionfs /mnt/root/
+
+ chmod 755 /mnt/root
+
+ mkdir /mnt/root/ro /mnt/root/rw
+ mount --move /mnt/root.ro /mnt/root/ro
+ mount --move /mnt/root.rw /mnt/root/rw
+
+ rm -f /mnt/root/etc/rcS.d/S[0-9][0-9]checkroot.sh
+
fi
) > /dev/null 2>&1
@@ -68,7 +82,7 @@
wait
killall busybox telnetd > /dev/null 2>&1
-echo ">> Booting Linux..." > $CONSOLE
+echo ">> Booting Read-Only Linux..." > $CONSOLE
cd /mnt/root
pivot_root . ./initrd
./bin/mount -n --move ./initrd/sys ./sys
================================================================================
09.) Now, simply create a symlink to linuxrc-sdroot-readonly to boot directly
to Debian as Read-Only.
* ln -sf linuxrc-sdroot-readonly linuxrc
10.) Sync the changes to the SD card and unmount it
* sync
* cd ~
* umount /dev/sdc[3,4]
11.) Take the card out of the SD card reader and insert it into the TS-73x0.
Apply power and observe that it is indeed booting to Debian as Read-Only
by trying to create a file and then recycling power. The file will no
longer be there. You should also see the following when using the 'mount'
command:
/dev/tssdcarda4 on /ro type jfs (ro)
root.rw on /rw type tmpfs (rw)
With this setup, it is safe to remove power at any
time without running 'shutdown -h now' for a graceful shutdown. Read
more about filesystem corruption in the "Preventing Filesystem
Corruption in Embedded Linux" whitepaper located here:
http://www.embeddedarm.com/about/resource.php?item=459
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